Bone Abstracts

Although it has been suggested that overweight and obese children have an increased risk of fracture, recent studies in post-menopausal women have shown that the relationship between obesity and fracture risk varies by fracture site. Thus, obesity is protective against wrist fractures but confers an increased risk of humeral fractures. There are no data to suggest whether this observation is also present in children. We therefore assessed whether adiposity and overweight/obesi...

Peak bone mass is a major determinant of osteoporosis risk and subsequent fragility fractures in older age. There is a wide range of factors influencing peak bone mass, ranging from those acting very early in life, for example in utero and periconception, to those acting through childhood and adolescence into young adulthood. In this presentation I will give an overview of some overarching themes and principles of relevance to peak bone mass, using specific clinical scenarios ...

Biographical DetailsNicholas HarveyNicholas Harvey was appointed to a personal chair at the University of Southampton in 2015, and leads, with Professor Cooper and Professor Dennison, an MRC programme focused on the lifecourse epidemiology of bone and joint disease, as part of the MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit. He is working to i) translate epide...

Objective: Over the last decade, there has been increasing scientific interest in vitamin D, and it is now advised that all pregnant women and infants should receive vitamin D supplementation. Despite of this, it is recognized that knowledge of vitamin D in the general public is limited. The internet is now an important source of health care information and analysis of internet search activity rates can provide information on disease epidemiology, health related behaviors and ...

Objective: Public Health England recommends that children in the United Kingdom (UK) aged over 1 year should take a vitamin D supplement containing 400 IU/day. Commercially available children’s multivitamin and vitamin D supplements were surveyed to determine the vitamin D content.Methods: Multivitamins and vitamin D supplements marketed at children <12 years and sold by nine UK supermarkets and health supplement retailers were surveyed. The vit...

Sarcopenia and osteoporosis are common in later life, often coexist, and increase the risk of adverse health outcomes such as disability, falls and fracture. Binkley and colleagues recently devised a score-based system for the diagnosis of ‘dysmobility syndrome’ in an attempt to combine adverse musculoskeletal phenotypes and indentify older individuals at particular risk. We applied these criteria to a larger cohort of participants from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study...

Animal studies suggest that fetal movements are key to healthy skeletal development, but evidence in humans is limited. Breech presentation occurs in 3% of term births and is associated with reduced fetal movement and higher incidence of hip dysplasias, but more general effects on bone development have not been explored.Offspring whole body bone outcomes were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at mean(SD) 6(5) days after birth in 993 i...

Objectives: Children who fracture have lower bone mineral density (BMD) measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) than children who do not sustain fractures, but there is little data on bone microarchitecture in relation to childhood fracture. We assessed tibia microarchitecture using high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) in children with recent fracture and those without a history of fracture.Methods: Children ag...

Objectives: Weight bearing physical activity (PA) is thought to be beneficial to bone mineral accrual in childhood, but the influence of PA and sedentary time on bone microarchitecture is less well described. We examined the relationships between self-reported PA and volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and bone microarchitecture at the distal tibia, assessed using high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT).Methods: Healthy c...

Objectives: Serum 25(OH)-vitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration is known to influence muscle function in postnatal life. Maternal 25(OH)D status during pregnancy has been implicated in the fetal programming of bone and fat mass, but little is known about its role in determining offspring muscle development. We investigated the associations between maternal serum 25(OH)D concentration in pregnancy and offspring muscle mass and strength at 4 years.Materials and...